Smartphone usage for learning among postgraduate students

Authors

Keywords:

e-learning, handheld learning device, learning, smartphone, students

Abstract

This study explores the numerous effects smartphones have on learning among postgraduate students. Research objectives were formulated from the gaps in literature which comprise of exploring influential factors, pros and cons along with academic performance, which surround smartphone usage in an educational setting. Moreover, this study followed a cross-sectional research design consisting of a purposive sampling technique. Template analysis was conducted on data collected via telephonic interviews. Altogether, the results revealed that 40% of respondents believe that the internet is a key influential factor when it comes to using smartphones for educational purposes. In addition, many of the benefits and drawbacks of smartphone usage in learning were highlighted by the students. Seventy per cent vouched for being able to learn while away from laptops whereas 60% said it was distracting. Plus, 80% of respondents perceive that smartphone usage does not have an impact on their academic standing. They associated more importance to the primary ways of learning through computers and laptops. Assessments were also drawn using popular theoretical concepts like Goodhue and Thompson’s Technology-to-Performance Chain (TPC) model. Henceforth, this study has enriched the existing literature in terms of novel contributions. It is recommended that future researchers conduct experiments on a larger sample size to further enrich smartphone literature.

References

Ahmed, R.R., Salman, F., Malik, S.A., Streimikiene, D., Soomro, R.H., and Pahi, M.H. (2020) “Smartphone Use and Academic Performance of University Students: A Mediation and Moderation Analysisâ€. Sustainability 12(1), 439. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/1/439

Al-Emran, M., Alkhoudary, Y.A., Mezhuyev, V., and Al-Emran, M. (2019) “Students and Educators Attitudes towards the Use of M-Learning: Gender and Smartphone Ownership Differencesâ€. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13(1), 127. https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9374

Alfawareh, H. and Jusoh, S. (2014), “Smartphones usage among university students: Nahran University caseâ€, International Journal of Academic Research Part B, 6(1), 321-326. https://ur.booksc.eu/book/76003002/49eb9a

Aljomaa, S., Al.Qudah, M., Albursan, I., Bakhiet, S. and Abduljabbar, A. (2016) "Smartphone Addiction Among University Students In The Light Of Some Variables". Computers In Human Behavior 61, 155-164. https://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/smartphone_addiction.pdf

Alrajawy, I., Isaac, O., Ghosh, A., Nusari, M., Al-Shibami, A.H., & Ameen, A.A. (2018) “Determinants of Student’s Intention to Use Mobile Learning In Yemeni Public Universities: Extending The Technology Acceptance Model (Tam) With Anxietyâ€. International Journal of Management and Human Science (IJMHS) 2(2), 1-9. https://ejournal.lucp.net/index.php/ijmhs/article/view/819

Al-Zaman, M.S. (2020) “Digitalization and Transformation of Teaching and Learning in Bangladeshâ€. Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education Challenges and Opportunities in Global Approaches to Education, 56–77. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6605-3.ch003

Baert, S., Vujić, S., Amez, S., Claeskens, M., Daman, T., Maeckelberghe, A., Omey, E., and Marez, L.D. (2019) “Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: Correlation or Causal Relationship?†Kyklos 73(1), 22–46. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/kykl.12214

Black, I. (2006) “The presentation of interpretivist researchâ€. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 9(4), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750610689069

Brooks, J. and King, N. (2014) Doing Template Analysis: Evaluating An End-Of-Life Care Service. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/978144627305013512755

Carson, D., Gilmore, A., Perry, C., and Gronhaug, K. (2001). Qualitative Marketing Research. London: SAGE. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781849209625

Crompton, H., Burke, D., and Gregory, K.H. (2017) “The Use of Mobile Learning in PK-12 Education: A Systematic Reviewâ€. Computers & Education 110, 51–63. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-17801-005

D’ambra, J., Wilson, C.S. and Akter, S. (2013), “Application of the task-technology fit model to structure and evaluate the adoption of e-books by academicsâ€, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(1), 48-64. https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4249&context=commpapers

DeLone, W. and McLean, E. (1992) Information systems success: The quest for the dependant variable. Institute for Information Research. https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/isre.3.1.60

Elmorshidy, A. (2012) “Mobile Learning – A New Success Modelâ€. The Journal of Global Business Management, 8. http://www.jgbm.org/page/3%20Ahmed%20Elmorshidy.pdf

Gavali, M.Y., Khismatrao, D.S., Gavali, Y.V., and Patil, K.B. (2017) “Smartphone, the New Learning Aid amongst Medical Studentsâ€. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research 11(5), JC05–JC08. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28658804/

Goodhue, D.L. and Thompson, R.L. (1995), “Task-technology fit and individual performanceâ€, MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 213-236. https://www.jstor.org/stable/249689

Halder, I., Halder, S. & Guha, A. (2015). “Understanding student’s use of mobile phones: Exploring use of advanced technological aids for an educational purposeâ€. Journal of media and Communication Studies 7(4), 81-87. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMCS/article-abstract/64AC24C51568

Hossain, M. and Ahmed, S. (2016) "Academic Use Of Smartphones By University Students: A Developing Country Perspective". The Electronic Library 34 (4), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-07-2015-0112

Hudson, L., and Ozanne, J. (1988). Alternative Ways of Seeking Knowledge in Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(4), 508–521. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2489157

Johnson, S., Radhakrishnan, N. (2017) “Academic Use of Smart Phones Among The Students Of Business Schools In UAE - A Studyâ€. KIIT Journal of Library and Information Management 4, 32-36. http://www.publishingindia.com/kjlim/97/academic-use-of-smart-phones-among-the-students-of-business-schools-in-uae-a-study/546/3898/

Khan, A. A., Khalid, A., & Iqbal, R. (2019) “Revealing the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Academic Performance of Students: Evidences from Higher Educational Institutes of Pakistanâ€. Pakistan Administrative Review, 3(2), 74-83. https://www.prdb.pk/article/revealing-the-relationship-between-smartphone-addiction-and-2766

King, N. (2012). Doing template analysis. Qualitative Organizational Research: Core Methods and Current Challenges, London: Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526435620

Kushlev, K., Proulx, J., and Dunn, E.W. (2016) “‘Silence Your Phones’â€. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2858036.2858359

Kwun, O., Fulk, K., Alijani, S., Kim, H. (2015) "UNDERSTANDING SUCCESSFUL USE OF SMARTPHONES IN AN ACADEMIC CONTEXT: HBCU STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE". Academy of Educational Leadership Journal 19 (3), 175.

https://search.proquest.com/openview/f2e778e2d6915a825bbb6713288308a4/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=38741

Lavrakas, P.J. (2008) Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. Thousand Oaks (Calif.): SAGE. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947

Lepp, A., Barkley, J. and Karpinski, A. (2015) "The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use And Academic Performance In A Sample Of U.S. College Students". SAGE Open 5 (1), 2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2158244015573169

Lin, H., Lin, S., Yeh, C. and Wang, Y. (2016) "Measuring Mobile Learning Readiness: Scale Development And Validation". Internet Research 26 (1), 265-287. https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/42yLjqm7/

McGill, T.J. and Klobas, J.E. (2009), “A task-technology fit view of learning management system impactâ€, Computers & Education, 52(2), 496-508. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131508001541

Mendoza, J.S., Pody, B.C., Lee, S., Kim, M., and Mcdonough, I.M. (2018) “The Effect of Cellphones on Attention and Learning: The Influences of Time, Distraction, and Nomophobiaâ€. Computers in Human Behavior 86, 52–60. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-30432-007

Ng, S.F., Hassan, N.S., Nor, N.H., & Malek, N.A. (2017) “The Relationship between Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: A Case of Students in A Malaysian Tertiary Institutionâ€. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5, 58-70. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1156718.pdf

Racero, F.J., Bueno, S., and Gallego, M.D. (2020) “Predicting Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use Open Source Software: A Combined View of the Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Determination Theoryâ€. Applied Sciences 10(8), 2711. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/8/2711

Rahman, K. T. (2021) “Driving Engagement on Instagram: A Comparative Analysis of Amazon Prime and Disney+â€. SEISENSE Business Review, 1(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.33215/sbr.v1i3.676

Rahman, K.T. (2016) “Performance of BRAC Bank in the SME banking sectorâ€. BRAC University. https://hdl.handle.net/10361/6196

Rosen, L.D., Carrier, L.M., and Cheever, N.A. (2013) “Facebook and Texting Made Me Do It: Media-Induced Task-Switching While Studyingâ€. Computers in Human Behavior 29(3), 948–958. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212003305

Shava, H., Chinyamurindi, W. and Somdyala, A. (2016) "An Investigation Into The Usage Of Mobile Phones Among Technical And Vocational Educational And Training Students In South Africa". SA Journal Of Information Management 18 (1). https://sajim.co.za/index.php/sajim/article/view/716

Shin, D.-H., Shin, Y.-J., Choo, H., and Beom, K. (2011) “Smartphones as Smart Pedagogical Tools: Implications for Smartphones as u-Learning Devicesâ€. Computers in Human Behavior 27(6), 2207–2214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.06.017

Skinner, B. (2014) Science and Human Behaviour. https://www.bfskinner.org/product/science-and-human-behavior-pdf/

Swar, B. and Hameed, T. (2017) “Fear of Missing out, Social Media Engagement, Smartphone Addiction and Distraction: Moderating Role of Self-Help Mobile Apps-Based Interventions in the Youthâ€. Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies. https://www.scitepress.org/PublicationsDetail.aspx?ID=3k5SMhwM8Yk=&t=1

USAID Bangladesh (2019) Comprehensive Private Sector Assessment. https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1877/SHORT-TERM_CONSULTANCY_CONTRACT_OPPORTUNITY_WITH_USAID_BANGLADESH._72038818R00004_AMENDMENT_000001.pdf

Valk, J.-H., Rashid, A.T., and Elder, L. (2010) “Using Mobile Phones to Improve Educational Outcomes: An Analysis of Evidence from Asiaâ€. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 11(1), 117. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ881581.pdf

Winskel, H., Kim, T.-H., Kardash, L., and Belic, I. (2019) “Smartphone Use and Study Behavior: A Korean and Australian Comparisonâ€. Heliyon 5(7). https://eurekamag.com/research/069/217/069217979.php

Yi, Y., You, S. and Bae, B. (2016) "The Influence Of Smartphones On Academic Performance". Library Hi Tech 34 (3), 480-499. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-04-2016-0038

Yunita, A., Nursechafia, N., Setiawan, E., Nugroho, H., and Ramadhan, H. (2018) “The Relationship between Mobile Phone Usage in Classroom and Academic Achievement in College Lifeâ€. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM ) 12(8), 96. https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jim/article/view/9530

Downloads

Published

2021-12-06

How to Cite

Rahman, K. T. (2021). Smartphone usage for learning among postgraduate students. TARAN-AWAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology Management, 2(1), 1–11. Retrieved from https://journal.evsu.edu.ph/index.php/tjertm/article/view/254