Selected Cebuano leaders expression of anger and their collective action
Keywords:
Anger expression, collective behavior, collective action, Cebuano leadersAbstract
This study endeavoured to understand the Cebuano leaders’ expression of anger and how it led to collective action. Specifically, this study (1) examined key informants/stories and experiences of anger expression, (2) analyzed their expressed anger within the bounds of their immediate environment; (3) assessed the perceived outcomes of their anger, and (4) investigated the impact of their anger towards collective behavior. This study employed the qualitative approach with nine key informants using cognitive task analysis method. In anger expression; different factors such as professionalism, social media awareness and age gap, the rationale explained the story in more specific detail, a collective reaction and expression of anger, and advantages and disadvantages of anger expressions were dissected and analyzed. The Cebuano leaders’ expression of anger to collective action mirrored a context of that expressions of anger brought by different factors resolved conflicts [either individual or group] affected the leaders’ precursor towards collective action. As part of human nature, anger affected the social environment. Though, anger brought back the balance by its occurrence, its constructive side achieved its desired ends. However, the destructiveness of anger resulted in various forms of conflicts brought by chaos. It remained a puzzle of a two-sided notion of the “good†and the “bad†reality of anger.
References
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Sabucedo, J.-M., Durán, M., Alzate, M., & Barreto, I. (2010). Emotions, Ideology and Collective Political Action. Universitas Psychologica, 10(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy10-1.eicp
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Sell, A. N. (2011). The recalibrational theory and violent anger. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(5), 381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.013
Sen, B., Sen, S., Kurum, S. A., & Omurlu, I. K. (2018). The effect of emotional intelligence on anger management among anesthesiologists, surgeons and internal medicine physicians. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(6), 229-233. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.427121
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56. 091103.070145
Wang, L., Northcraft, G. B., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2012). Beyond negotiated outcomes: The hidden costs of anger expression in dyadic negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.05.002
Wang, L., Restubog, S., Shao, B., Lu, V., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2018). Does Anger Expression Help or Harm Leader Effectiveness? The Role of Competence-based versus Integrity-based Violations and Abusive Supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 61(3), 1050–1072. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0460
Walker, L., & Mann, L. (1987). Unemployment, relative deprivation, and social protest. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13(2), 275-283.
Wlodarczyk, A., Basabe, N., Páez, D., & Zumeta, L. (2017). Hope and anger as mediators between collective action frames and participation in collective mobilization: The case of 15-M. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5(1), 200–223. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i1.471
Alvarez, I. C. C., Ong, M.B., Abocejo, F. T. (2017). Learning needs and quality care among family caregivers and elderly patients of Guadalupe, Cebu City, Central Philippines. European Scientific Journal. 13(24), 356-376, https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017. v13n 24p356
Averill, J. R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: implications for theories of motion. American psychologist, 38(11), 1145.
Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. (2005). Perceptions of conflict and support in romantic relationships: The role of attachment anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.510
Cheung, W.-Y., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Tausch, N., & Ayanian, A. H. (2017). Collective nostalgia is associated with stronger outgroup-directed anger and participation in ingroup-favoring collective action. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5(2), 301–319. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.697
Evangelio, J. V., & Abocejo, F. T. (2015). Political dynasty as perceived by residents of selected villages in Badian, Cebu City, Philippines. Countryside Development Research Journal. 3(1), 86-95. Retrieved from http://www.ssu.edu.ph/subdomains/ojs/index.php/CDRJ /article/view/49
Geddes, D. and Stickney, L. T. (2012). Chapter 3 Muted Anger in the Workplace: Changing the “Sound†of Employee Emotion Through Social Sharing, Ashkanasy, N.M., Härtel, C.E.J. and Zerbe, W.J. (Ed.) Experiencing and Managing Emotions in the Workplace (Research on Emotion in Organizations, Vol. 8), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 85-103. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1746-9791(2012)0000008008
Hendricks, L., Bore, S., Aslinia, D., & Morriss, G. (2013). The effects of anger on the brain and body. In National forum journal of counseling and addiction (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 2-5).
Inabangan, A. K.A., Garcia, L. L., & Abocejo, F. T. (2019). Evaluation of the Philippine expanded senior citizens Act (RA 9994) on mandated privileges for the elderly. European Academic Research. 6(10), 6112-6138. Retrieved from http://www.euacademic.org/Upload Article/3859.pdf
Marquette, H., & Peiffer, C. (2015). Corruption and Collective Action. Development Leadership Program, U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, 32, 22. Retrieved from http://www.dlprog. org/research/corruption-and-collective-action.php%5Cnhttp://www.u4.no/publications/ corruption-and-collective-action/
Marshall, G. (1998). Collective action. In A Dictionary of Scociology (p. 712). Oxford University Press Oxford, New York.
Mummendey, A., Kessler, T., Klink, A., & Mielke, R. (1999). Strategies to cope with negative social identity: Predictions by social identity theory and relative deprivation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 229.
Li, K., Xu, Y., Yang, S., & Guo, Y. (2019). Social Class, Group-Based Anger, and Collective Action Intentions in China. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 13, e13. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2018.26
Olson, M. (2012). The logic of collective action [1965]. Contemporary Sociological Theory, 124.
Ostrom, E. (2000). Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of economic perspectives, 14(3), 137-158.
Powlison, D. (1995). Anger part 1: Understanding anger. The Journal of Biblical Counseling, 14(1), 40-53.
Roberts-Callister, R., Geddes, D., & Gibson, D. (2017). When Is Anger Helpful or Hurtful? Status and Role Impact on Anger Expression and Outcomes. https://doi.org/10.34891/Z7HP-RQ86
Sabucedo, J.-M., Durán, M., Alzate, M., & Barreto, I. (2010). Emotions, Ideology and Collective Political Action. Universitas Psychologica, 10(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy10-1.eicp
Shepherd, L., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2013). ‘This will bring shame on our nation’: The role of anticipated group-based emotions on collective action. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.011 Sell, A. (2017). Recalibration Theory of Anger. Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1687-1
Sell, A. N. (2011). The recalibrational theory and violent anger. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(5), 381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.013
Sen, B., Sen, S., Kurum, S. A., & Omurlu, I. K. (2018). The effect of emotional intelligence on anger management among anesthesiologists, surgeons and internal medicine physicians. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(6), 229-233. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.427121
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56. 091103.070145
Wang, L., Northcraft, G. B., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2012). Beyond negotiated outcomes: The hidden costs of anger expression in dyadic negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.05.002
Wang, L., Restubog, S., Shao, B., Lu, V., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2018). Does Anger Expression Help or Harm Leader Effectiveness? The Role of Competence-based versus Integrity-based Violations and Abusive Supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 61(3), 1050–1072. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0460
Walker, L., & Mann, L. (1987). Unemployment, relative deprivation, and social protest. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13(2), 275-283.
Wlodarczyk, A., Basabe, N., Páez, D., & Zumeta, L. (2017). Hope and anger as mediators between collective action frames and participation in collective mobilization: The case of 15-M. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5(1), 200–223. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i1.471
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2019-06-01
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